Batteries produce electricity
電池發(fā)電
An electrochemical battery produces electricity using two different metals in a chemical solution. A chemical reaction between the metals and the chemicals frees more electrons in one metal than in the other. One end of the battery is attached to one of the metals, and the other end is attached to the other metal.
電化學(xué)電池是將兩種不同的金屬置于化學(xué)溶液（電解質(zhì)）中進(jìn)行發(fā)電。兩種 金屬與溶液發(fā)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)，一種金屬釋放出的電子多，一種金屬釋放出的電子少。電池的兩極分別與兩種金屬相連。
The end that frees more electrons develops a positive charge, and the other end develops a negative charge. If a wire is attached from one end of the battery to the other, electrons flow through the wire to balance the electrical charge.
釋放較多電子的一端為陽(yáng)極，另一端為陰極。如果用導(dǎo)線把電池的兩極連接 起來(lái)，為了實(shí)現(xiàn)電荷平衡，電子就會(huì)在導(dǎo)線中流動(dòng)。
A load is a device that does work or performs a job. If a load-such as an incandescent light bulb-is placed along the wire, the electricity can do work as it flows through the wire. Electrons flow from the negative end of the battery through the wire to the light bulb. The electricity flows through the wire in the light bulb and back to the positive end of the battery.
負(fù)載指能夠做功或是能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)某種功能的裝置。如果把一個(gè)負(fù)載，比如白熾燈泡連接在導(dǎo)線上， 電流通過(guò)導(dǎo)線燈泡即可做功。電子從電池的負(fù)極通過(guò)導(dǎo)線流向燈泡。電流通過(guò)導(dǎo)線流過(guò)燈泡然后回到電池的陽(yáng)極。
Electricity travels in circuits
電流在電路中流動(dòng)
Electricity must have a complete path before the electrons can move. If a circuit is open, the electrons cannot flow. When we flip on a light switch, we close a circuit. The electricity flows from an electric wire, through the light bulb, and back out another wire. The light bulb produces light as electricity flows through a tiny wire in the bulb, gets very hot, and glows. When we flip the switch off, we open the circuit and no electricity flows to the light. The bulb burns out when the tiny wire breaks and the circuit is opened.
電子若要移動(dòng)，首先要有完整的回路。如果電路斷開(kāi)，電子便無(wú)法流動(dòng)。我們打開(kāi)電燈開(kāi)關(guān)，即閉合了電路。電流從一根導(dǎo)線中流出，通過(guò)燈泡，然后流回 另一根導(dǎo)線。電流通過(guò)燈泡中的細(xì)燈絲，導(dǎo)致電絲發(fā)熱、發(fā)光，燈泡就亮了。我 們關(guān)閉開(kāi)關(guān)，即斷開(kāi)電路，沒(méi)有電流通過(guò)燈泡。如果燈絲斷裂，電路切斷，燈泡 就會(huì)燒壞。
When we turn on a TV, electricity flows through wires inside the TV set, producing pictures and sound. Sometimes electricity runs motors like in washers or mixers. Electricity does a lot of work for us many times each day.
當(dāng)我們打開(kāi)電視，電視機(jī)內(nèi)部的電線有電流流過(guò)，電視才產(chǎn)生圖像、播放聲音。有時(shí)，電也用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)洗衣機(jī)或攪拌機(jī)里的電機(jī)。每天，我們要多次用電完成 很多工作。
